The key components of an electric propulsion orbit transfer vehicle are the thrusters and the power generation subsystem. Efficiency analysis of a hall thruster operating with. When the us was beginning to investigate the gridded ion drive, the soviet union was investigating the hall effect thruster het. Hall effect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Ion and hall thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the. In a proofofprinciple effort to demonstrate the feasibility of magnetically. Hall thrusters offer system advantages over ion thrusters, namely the total system cost is lower making the hall thruster a potentially more desirable option for cost capped missions. An alternate form of electric propulsion, the hall effect thruster, was studied independently in the u. Output on an 11 inch by 17 inch page size two sided in the print menu make sure the following is set. Update on the nested hall thruster subsystem for the. Plume characterization of an ion focusing hall thruster. Halleffect thruster wikimili, the best wikipedia reader.
Using a small number of components to produce an exb field, an het can accelerate ions to extremely high velocities to provide thrust. Hall thruster development for japanese space propulsion. The electron population in hall2de is treated also as a fluid. As part of this program, the x3, a nested hall thruster designed to operate at powers up to 200 kw, is being further developed through parallel modeling and. The iodine hall thruster task is under the advanced inspace propulsion aisp project. The cylindrical thruster is optimized for low power applications, such as for cubesats, and i havent seen a high power design, so we arent going. Pdf overview of nasa iodine hall thruster propulsion system.
In this study, two types of thrusters are examined. Expanded thruster mass model incorporating nested hall. Its performance of 15001800 seconds of specific impulse and 50% efficiency make it nearly idea for many earth orbital propulsion requirements including northsouth stationkeeping and orbit insertion maneuvers. Build an ionic thruster like nasa uses for space propulsion. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight. Efficient and highperformance dual mode propulsion system. The xr100 system builds off the x3, a 200 kw nested hall thruster nht, 39 with the addition of ardeveloped modular power processing unit ppu and modular mass flow controller mfc whose designs can scale up to the required 100 kw and beyond. Krypton hall effect thruster for spacecraft propulsion. A hall thruster propulsion system standard architecture for nasa science missions is proposed. Bht8000 hall effect thruster buseks bht8000 is a 8kw nominal hall effect thruster with stateoftheart center mounted cathode and performance unparalleled within its power class.
Elementary scaling relations for hall effect thrusters. The advanced electric propulsion system aeps program will develop a flight kw hall thruster propulsion system based on nasas hermes thruster. Developmental status of a 100kw class laboratory nested channel hall thruster. Halleffect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate the ions to produce thrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Photograph of the thruster operating in a vacuum facility at jpl. Development of iodine hall thruster propulsion systems is progressing n two parallel and i complimentary paths. Bht200 hall effect thruster the bht200 is a high performance and mature propulsion system with flight heritage aboard the air force research laboratorys tacsat2 and falconsat5 satellites. These dependencies drive propulsion system requirements to an optimum isp. Expanded thruster mass model incorporating nested hall thrusters. Phenomenological model of hall thruster efficiency in this section, the essential details from a phenomenological hall thruster performance model are presented 16.
Pdf overview of hall electric propulsion in china researchgate. It creates thrust by accelerating ions using electricity an ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out of atoms, creating a cloud of positive ions. Hall thruster a serious contender to get humans to mars. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service. Mar 29, 2020 like most hall thruster propulsion systems used in commercial applications, the hall thruster on smart1 could be throttled over a range of power, specific impulse, and thrust.
One of the primary objectives of its mission is to verify the performance of a hall thruster propulsion system hps that uses xenon gas. Based on permanent magnets, the ht 100 het is designed to perform orbit control tasks on microsatellites and aocs tasks on minisatellites. Hall thruster development for japanese space propulsion programs. Like most hall thruster propulsion systems used in commercial applications, the hall thruster on smart1 could be throttled over a range of power, specific impulse, and thrust. Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. The aeps system includes the hall thruster ht, power processing unit pputhe and the xenon flow controller xfc. The masmi magnetically shielded miniature hall thruster is designed to provide a lowpower, long life, and high efficiency electric propulsion system to meet the demands of future and nearterm space missions. Nht nested hall thruster outer outermost channel rd redundant thruster s structure str string sys system tank tankage tg thruster and gimbal th thruster tot total xe xenon xfs xenon ow system i. These studies were performed for four nasa discoveryclass missions vestaceres rendezvous mission dawn mission, koppf com. Development of a kw hall thruster propulsion system.
Fowee 1 31st annual aiaausu conference on small satellites ssc17wk48 quadthruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1axis control katherine fowee, steven pugia, ryan clay, matthew. The x3 thruster is a central part of the xr100 system. There are a number of types of hall effect thruster, with the most common being the thruster with anode layer tal, the stationary plasma thruster spt, and the cylindrical hall thruster cht. In spacecraft propulsion, a hall effect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Investigation of low discharge voltage hall thruster characteristics and evaluation of loss mechanisms by daniel lucas brown a dissertation submitted in partial. Update on the nested hall thruster subsystem for the nextstep. The power source can be any source of electrical power, but solar and nuclear are the primary options. Design of a laboratory hall thruster with magnetically shielded channel walls, phase i. The advantage to this system over others is that you need only an electrical source to power the device and it has no moving parts so it is almost unbreakable. A major conclusion of that work was that 50 to 100kw ep devices are a. An ion thruster produces a flow of air even though it has no moving parts. Flow and forces in specialized electric propulsion test system. A hall thruster propulsion system standard architecture for nasa.
Hall thrusters are electrostatic ion accelerators in which the grid system which serves in classical ion engines to anchor the negative charges used to accelerate the ions is replaced with a relatively strong magnetic. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and hall thrusters. Quadthruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1. Nasa is continuing to invest in advancing hall thruster technologies for implementation in commercial and government missions. The thruster was successfully tested few months ago, and could be selected by nasa as a crucial component of propulsion system for future mars missions. Simulation of electric propulsion thrusters nato sto. These ion thrusters rely mainly on electrostatics as ions are accelerated by the coulomb force along an electric field. Magnetically shielded miniature masmi hall thruster wirz. The hall effect thruster het shown in figure 1, is a relatively simple type of ep device. Lauderdale, florida, july 1114, 2004 1 american institute of aeronautics and astronautics efficiency analysis of a highspecific impulse hall thruster. Pdf iodine hall thruster propellant feed system for a cubesat. Atmospheric breathing electric thruster for planetary exploration. The model expresses the performance of a hall thruster as a function of the utilization efficiencies of current. Ion and hall thrusters march 2008 the research described in this publication was carried out at the jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, under a contract with the national aeronautics and space administration.
Efficient and highperformance dual mode propulsion system designed for use with xenon and krypton propellants. Xenon ion propulsion system xips 17, and the first nasa deepspace mission using the nasa solar electric propulsion technology applications. Table 1 lists typical values of specific impulse and thrust associated with several types of electric propulsion systems. Based largely on research and development performed at the jet propulsion laboratory jpl and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, fundamentals of electric propulsion. Jahn, 1968 for v e above 10,000 ms, a propulsion system needs. Pdf absract the vens technological payload, an electric propulsion system with two low power hall thrusters, is overviewed. A hall thruster is a coaxial plasma device in which an applied magnetic field effectively traps electrons in the discharge channel of the thruster. Experimental investigation of a hall thruster internal. The requirements and goals of the xr100 system are shown in table 1. Halleffect thrusters use a magnetic field to limit the electrons axial motion and then use them to ionize propellant. There has been significant work recently in the development of iodinefed hall thrusters for inspace propulsion applications.
Differences in qualification requirements between commercial and science. Oct 02, 2007 the electric propulsion system consists of five main parts. Citation pdf 409 kb pdf plus 426 kb james szabo, bruce pote, surjeet paintal, michael robin, george kolencik, adam hillier, richard branam, richard huffman. Quadthruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1axis. The ht 100 hall effect thruster het is the smallest and lowest power het ever developed in europe, whose performance and characteristics represent the stateoftheart of this technology. Computational domain for the numerical simulations of the h6 laboratory hall thruster showing naming conventions for various thruster components and boundaries to be cited throughout this paper. A version of this seemingly impossible device is used on a larger scale to propel deep space probes for nasa. Adequate engine lifeprior to the nstar project, no ion engine intended for primary propulsion had ever been successfully operated for its full design life.
A major conclusion of that work was that 50 to 100kw ep devices are a building. The acceleration of gases for propulsion by electrical heating andor by electrical and magnetic body forces. Nasas electric propulsion program electric rocket propulsion. Development of a highfrequency emissive probe system for plasma potential measurements in a hall thruster ieee transactions on plasma science, vol. The iodine hall thruster task is let by the nasa glenn research center grc. The abundance of commercial suppliers in the united states and abroad provides a sustainable base from which hall thruster systems can be costeffectively obtained through procurements from existing product lines. None check the box for autorotate and center trim printed sheets at crops, will equal 8. In spacecraft propulsion, a halleffect thruster het is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field. Hall effect thrusters operated on soviet satellites from 1972 until the late 1990s, mainly used for satellite stabilization in northsouth and in eastwest directions. These three primary components must operate together to ensure that the. Hofer jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca, 91109.
Hall thrusters are electrostatic ion accelerators in which the grid system which serves in. Xr100 100 kw electric propulsion system is being developed to technology readiness level 5. Hall current thruster the hall curent thruster hct is a plasma thruster operating on gaseous xenon propellant. Highpower performance of a 100kw class nested hall thruster. Solar electric propulsion service module aerojet rocketdyne kw hall thruster pdf output specifications. The dawn asteroid science mission has selected a spacecraft with three nstar engines. Introduction electric propulsion systems at power levels in excess of 100 kw are enabling for a number of important mid and farterm space missions. Design of a laboratory hall thruster with magnetically. An ion thruster or ion drive is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion. Oct, 2017 the x3 thruster is a central part of the xr100 system.
Hall effect thruster physics form of electric propulsion used for inspace maneuvers well understood high thrust density low cost highly throttleable plasma is ionized in an electronimpact cascade and accelerated by an applied electric field beam neutralized by a cathode typical propellant is xenon. Atmospheric breathing electric thruster for planetary. High performance and mature propulsion system with flight heritage, and the first us hall effect thruster in space. Pdf hall thruster is an attractive type of electric propulsion that is being. Magnetically shielded miniature masmi hall thruster. Pdf vens technological payload the israeli hall effect. Plume characterization of an ion focusing hall thruster kunning g. In addition, hets can achieve an i sp of up to 3000 seconds. A separate technology development effort is underway as part of the stmd game. Hall thrusters also could enable a variety of deepspace science missions of. This is a very similar concept in many ways to the ion drive, in that it uses the electrostatic effect to accelerate propellant, but the mechanism is very different. Marine propulsion solutions page 2 of 7 the transverse tunnel thruster system transverse tunnel thruster systems the versatility of mpsmarine thruster systems allows installation in a hull with the drive shaft horizontal or vertical.
Efficiency analysis of a highspecific impulse hall thruster. The fullfledged propulsion system will need a powerprocessing unit to deliver electricity from a spacecrafts solar arrays to the thruster and a system for feeding xenon gas from highpressure. Fowee 1 31st annual aiaausu conference on small satellites ssc17wk48 quad thruster femta micropropulsion system for cubesat 1axis control katherine fowee, steven pugia, ryan clay, matthew. A favorable candidate for these types of missions is the closeddrift hall thruster. A commercial one newton hall effect thruster for high power inspace missions. The key components of an electric propulsion orbit transfer vehicle are the thrusters and the power generation sub system. The bpt4000 from aerojet is identified as a candidate for nearterm use. Hllv propulsion solar electric propulsion for cargo tug j2x merlin 2 next ion thruster busek bht20k hall thruster nasa 457m hall thruster merlin 2 j2x propellant loxrp loxlh 2 thrust vac klbf 1,700 292 isp vac sec 322 448 tw lbflbm 150 55 nearterm propulsion needs merlin 2 uses scaledup. Specific program year 2001 efforts, along with the corporate and academic participation, are describedintroduction nasas hall thruster program is an integrated technology program addressing many nasa. Efficiency analysis of a hall thruster operating with krypton. Walker2 highpower electric propulsion laboratory, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, ga 30332 usa the t220ht is a 10kw class hall effect thruster developed as the primary propulsion system for satellites. A recent study has shown how the operating lives of these systems can be.